Fouls and Penalties（犯规与处罚）
There are various types of fouls in football. （足球中有各种类型的犯规。）
Direct free - kicks are awarded for serious fouls such as kicking, tripping, pushing, or handball (except for the goalkeeper within their own penalty area). （直接任意球会因严重犯规而判罚，如踢人、绊倒、推人或手球（守门员在自己罚球区内除外）。）
If a direct - free - kick foul is committed by a defending player inside their own penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded to the attacking team. （如果防守球员在自己的罚球区内犯了直接任意球的犯规，进攻方将获得点球。）
A penalty kick is taken from the penalty spot, 11 meters from the goal line, with only the goalkeeper of the defending team allowed to defend against the kick.（点球从距离球门线11米的点球点踢出，只有防守方的守门员可以防守这次射门。）
Indirect free - kicks are given for less serious offenses like dangerous play or impeding an opponent without physical contact. （间接任意球会因不太严重的违规行为而判罚，如危险动作或在没有身体接触的情况下阻碍对手。）
An indirect - free - kick goal can only be scored if the ball touches another player before entering the goal.（间接任意球只有在球在进入球门之前触及另一名球员时才能得分。）
Offside（越位）
A player is in an offside position if they are nearer to the opponents goal line than both the ball and the second - last opponent (usually the last outfield defender) when the ball is played by a teammate.（当一名球员在队友传球的瞬间，比球和倒数第二名对方球员（通常是最后一名场上防守球员）更靠近对方球门线时，该球员处于越位位置。）
However, being in an offside position is not an offense in itself. A player is only penalized for offside if they are involved in active play, such as interfering with play, interfering with an opponent, or gaining an advantage from their offside position.（然而，处于越位位置本身并不构成犯规。只有当球员参与了实际比赛，如干扰比赛、干扰对方球员或从越位位置获得利益时，才会因越位而受到判罚。）
Cards（红黄牌）
Referees use yellow and red cards to discipline players. （裁判使用黄牌和红牌来处罚球员。）
A yellow card is a warning for unsporting behavior, persistent infringement of the rules, or dissent.（黄牌是对非体育行为、持续违反规则或对判罚不满的警告。 ）
If a player receives two yellow cards in the same game, they are then shown a red card and sent off the field.（如果一名球员在同一场比赛中得到两张黄牌，就会被出示红牌并被罚下场。）
A red card is also directly shown for serious foul play, violent conduct, or denying an obvious goal - scoring opportunity to the opposing team by a handball or a foul. （对于严重犯规、暴力行为或通过手球或犯规剥夺对方明显得分机会的情况，会直接出示红牌。）
A player who is sent off cannot be replaced, and their team must play with one less player for the rest of the game.（被罚下的球员不能被替换，在比赛剩余时间里，其所在球队必须少一人参赛。）
重点词汇：
1. rectangular /rektæŋɡjələ(r)/ adj. 矩形的；长方形的
2. penalty /penlti/ n. 处罚；点球；罚金
3. halftime /hæftaɪm/ n. 中场休息
4. offense /əfens/ n. 犯规；违法行为；进攻（美式英语，英式英语为offence）
5. infringement /ɪnfrɪndʒmənt/ n. 侵犯；违反
6. dissent /dɪsent/ n. 异议；不同意 v. 不同意；持异议
7. persistent /pəsɪstənt/ adj. 持续的；坚持不懈的；固执的
8. impeding /ɪmpiːdɪŋ/ v. 阻碍；妨碍（impede的现在分词）
9. outfield /aʊtfiːld/ n. 外场；外野；（足球、曲棍球等的）外场区域